Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
نویسندگان
چکیده
In some regards, the surgical procedures for the different targets are similar. The target can be located using a combination of imaging (MRI, C T, ventriculography, depending on the centre) and electrophysiology (electrical stimulation and, in some centres, microrecordings). Implantation of the electrode is generally performed under local anaesthesia to allow the evaluation of the effect of the stimulation on parkinsonian signs and symptoms. A quadripolar electrode (model 3387 or 3389; Medtronic; Minneapolis, MN, USA) for chronic stimulation is implanted in the area giving the best effect and showing the expected pattern of neuronal activity (2,3). In a second session, or in the same one, the electrode is connected to a pulse generator implanted in the subclavicular area and equipped with subcutaneous wires (Itrell II or Kinetra, Medtronic). Electrical
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The Effects of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation on Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Functions in Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study
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